Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат берілді
Тек жазылушылар үшін
Том 111, № 8 (2025)
Preface by the Guest Editor
Прогресс в исследованиях нейрофармакологических механизмов развития и инновационных подходов нейромодуляторной терапии заболеваний спинного и головного мозга
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1245-1246
1245-1246
REVIEW
Investigation of Parkinsonism Development Mechanisms and Novel Approaches to Multisystem Neurorehabilitation
Аннотация
Parkinsonism is one of the most prevalent neurological syndromes, characterized by the disruption of the dopaminergic system of the brain. It has been demonstrated that locomotor and postural functions are amongst the earliest to be compromised. The mechanisms underlying parkinsonism remain largely unexplored, necessitating the development of novel etiopathogenetic treatment approaches. Transgenic knockout (KO) animals serve as a unique model for studying the molecular and genetic basis of brain functioning in both normal and pathological conditions. This review focuses on certain transgenic animal models used to investigate disruptions in the extrapyramidal nigrostriatal control of spinal and brainstem sensorimotor networks. Rats with a dopamine transporter deficiency (DAT-KO) are widely utilized to study the dopaminergic system. The administration of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT), a dopamine synthesis inhibitor, to these animals allows for the creation of a unique reversible parkinsonism model. The TAAR-KO mice model provides a valuable tool for evaluating the functional significance of the trace amine (TA) system and its associated receptors (trace amine associated receptors, TAAR) in sensorimotor control. Early studies have demonstrated the influence of TAAR1 and TAAR5 receptors on dopamine levels and the state of dopaminergic neurons. Notably, TAAR-KO animals exhibit improved motor abilities and coordination skills compared to wild-type animals. Based on these findings, it can be hypothesized that targeting trace amine receptors may help restore the function of dopaminergic neurons and compensate for motor disturbances associated with parkinsonism. Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord is capable of activating neuronal networks, enhancing synaptic plasticity, and promoting functional recovery when dopaminergic neurotransmission is impaired. In combination with the effects on trace amine receptors, this approach, as part of the previously proposed multisystem neurorehabilitation strategy, may contribute to a synergistic therapeutic effect.
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1247-1267
1247-1267
The Effect of Dopamine on Neuroplasticity in Spinal Cord Injury
Аннотация
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a chronic neurological disorder caused by damage to the spinal cord tissues and often accompanied by severe multisystem complications, autonomic dysfunction, risk of depressive states, a sharp decline in quality of life, and patient disability. Dopamine plays a crucial role in regulating motor functions and immune responses, making it a promising target for therapy development after SCI. This review explores the sources of spinal cord dopamine, its role in neuroplasticity, and its influence on neurotrophic factors and neurogenesis. Dopamine modulates synaptic plasticity through D1 and D2 receptors, promoting axon growth and synaptogenesis. It can also stimulate the synthesis of neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, NGF, EGF, FGF-2, and CNTF, which support neuronal survival and reduce inflammation. Additionally, dopamine regulates differentiation, myelination, and immune responses by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhancing anti-inflammatory processes. Despite its therapeutic potential, the dual role of dopamine in certain processes, such as angiogenesis suppression, requires further investigation. This review highlights the multifaceted role of dopamine in post-SCI recovery and its potential for developing new treatment strategies.
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1268-1295
1268-1295
The Role of Dopamine in Chronic Pain: Neuroinflammation and Neurogenesis
Аннотация
Chronic pain is a complex condition that directly affects the quality of life of patients. Regulation and treatment of chronic pain are associated with a number of difficulties, primarily due to the multifactorial nature of this condition. The causes of chronic pain can be associated not only with physical damage, such as various injuries, diseases and the development of neuroinflammation, but also with a violation of the synthesis of neurotransmitters, as well as complex processes of neurogenesis. In this review, we describe the complex and multifaceted interaction between dopaminergic regulation, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation on the development of chronic pain. Further studies of these relationships can lead to the creation of targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating chronic pain. Moreover, understanding the mechanisms underlying analgesia associated with the dopamine reward system can form the basis for the development of new therapeutic approaches to relieve and control pain.
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1296-1321
1296-1321
Cell therapy and biomaterials: modern approaches in the treatment of spinal cord injury
Аннотация
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a pathology with a complex pathogenesis that currently lacks a complete treatment strategy. Among the emerging therapies, a combination approach is considered a promising option, which involves the use of biomaterial scaffolds to deliver both the cells themselves and drugs to the injured area of the spinal cord (SC). Single cell therapy is ineffective, but biomaterial-based scaffolds are able to confine transplanted cells from the aggressive microenvironment of the injury focus, as well as provide the necessary framework for adhesion and further integration of cells into the recipient's neural tissue. Modern approaches in the field of cell and organoid therapies together with smart biomaterials capable of changing their properties in response to specific stimuli offer great opportunities in the field of TCM therapy. This review aims to cover all relevant data in the field of novel therapies for TCM using cell therapies and biomaterials and their combinations. The paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of different types of cell grafts, including less common ones, presents a method of brain organoid transplantation, and highlights the most commonly used types of scaffolds, selected for their mechanical properties and 3D architecture.
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1322-1356
1322-1356
Studies on mechanisms of development and electrostimulation approaches to migraine therapy
Аннотация
Migraine with its high prevalence, complex pathogenesis, including changes in the nervous, immune, cardiovascular systems, and limited effectiveness of drug treatment, is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine. The search for new pharmaceutical targets and development of pharmacological agents is required. Since the end of the 20th century, studies have shown the possible involvement of the brain's dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of migraine. Migraine pain is often combined with premonitory yawning and drowsiness, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, postdromal drowsiness, euphoria and polyuria, which may be related to dopaminergic activity. The study of dopaminergic mechanisms of migraine development may form the basis of future drug lines for the therapy of cephalgia. One of the problems in modern clinical practice is the selection of therapy for the treatment and prevention of migraine. Excessive uncontrolled use of analgesics for pain attacks increases the risk of transition of episodic migraine into a chronic form. In this regard, recently great importance has been given to the study of non-drug treatment methods, among which neuromodulation occupies a special place. Electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord has shown high efficacy in chronic migraine in the clinic, but the mechanisms of migraine neuromodulation have not been determined. This review describes the current understanding of the role of dopamine in the development of migraine, considers a new experimental model for studying the mechanisms of its development – animals with dopaminergic dysregulation, with dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO), describes possible mechanisms, prerequisites and experience of using spinal electrical stimulation for the treatment of migraine.
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1357-1378
1357-1378
Role of Trace Amines and Their Receptors in Neuroinflammation Development and Posttraumatic Spinal Cord and Brain Repair
Аннотация
Traumatic spinal cord and brain injuries are grave neurological conditions manifesting as a partial or total disruption of motor, sensory and autonomic functions, and in the case of traumatic brain injury, able to cause headaches and migraines, memory impairment and other cognitive dysfunctions. Central nervous system injuries evoke severe neuroinflammation characterized by an acute reactivity of microglia, macrophages and astrocytes, which leads to such long-term consequences as local scarring, gliosis, and myelination defects that significantly affect brain development and function. Trace amines (TAs) can significantly contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and hypoxia in spinal cord and brain injuries. Some individual TAs are able to influence reparative processes, e.g., 3-iodothyronamine is involved in the regulation of apoptosis, octopamine modulates the state of astrocytes, agmatine affects post-injury expression of trophic factors and neurogenesis. Moreover, such TAs as tyramine, tryptamine and β-phenylethylamine, as well as trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), act as functional neuromodulators in the spinal cord and brain, and affect locomotor activity irrespective of the descending projections of classical monoamines. This review summarizes the data on the role of various TAs and TAARs in the development of inflammatory processes during spinal cord and brain injuries, as well as addresses the prospects for their potential therapeutic applications.
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1379-1403
1379-1403
Neural interfaces: applications, innovative approaches, biocompatibility, biomimetics
Аннотация
The article presents a summary and critical analysis of the literature data on neural interfaces mainly for the last five years. An examples, experimental findings, clinical outcomes of applications of neural interfaces aimed at enhancing human capabilities in interacting with the environment and leveraging advancements in electronics, nanoscale bioengineering, and artificial intelligence to improve quality of life or advance regenerative medicine are shown. The review highlights the most promising types of neural interfaces, with particular emphasis on invasive technologies and the application of cutting-edge developments in implantable materials characterized by high biocompatibility, long-term stability, and optimized biophysical properties. Materials for invasive technologies are evaluated in terms of their suitability for specific biomedical applications, accompanied by comparative analyses. Significant attention is devoted to emerging technologies in biomimetics and electrical biostimulation, as well as innovative approaches to the applied aspects of brain and spinal interfaces. Thus, this review serves as a valuable resource for students and professionals whose educational and career interests are focused on an in-depth exploration of neural interface technologies.
Rossijskij fiziologičeskij žurnal im. I.M. Sečenova. 2025;111(8):1404-1438
1404-1438