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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medicine and Biotechnology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medicine and Biotechnology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медицина и биотехнологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-6231</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">283281</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15507/3034-6231.001.202503.206-223</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">zjdjgo</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Pathological physiology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Contemporary Approaches to Pain Assessment Methodologies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные подходы к методологии оценки боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3442-1225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Puzakova</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пузакова</surname><given-names>Дарья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Undergraduate<bold> </bold>Student, Medical institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент Медицинского института</p></bio><email>dashapuzakova.puzakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-6450</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">49461859500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ACB-6492-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5314-3771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>Tatiana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>v.t.i@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-1981</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57193341243</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3939-4991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirina</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирина</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии </p></bio><email>mas.dokuments@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1629-1071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergachev</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергачев</surname><given-names>Андрей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Medical<bold> </bold>Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Neurology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии</p></bio><email>nikklar196475@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4989-8989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии </p></bio><email>trofimovav@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>206</fpage><lpage>223</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-24"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Puzakova D.V., Vlasova T.I., Spirina M.A., Sergachev A.V., Trofimov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Пузакова Д.В., Власова Т.И., Спирина М.А., Сергачев А.В., Трофимов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Puzakova D.V., Vlasova T.I., Spirina M.A., Sergachev A.V., Trofimov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пузакова Д.В., Власова Т.И., Спирина М.А., Сергачев А.В., Трофимов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbiosci.ru/MedBiotech/article/view/283281">https://medbiosci.ru/MedBiotech/article/view/283281</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction.</italic></bold> Pain is a widespread medical issue that can lead to prolonged disability. Most studies assessing pain have relied on subjective evaluation methods; however, to accurately determine pain intensity, monitor treatment efficacy, and track the progression of chronic pain syndromes, objective and reliable assessment techniques are essential. <italic>The aim of this study</italic> is to generalize the most objective quantitative methods for analyzing chronic pain.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods.</italic></bold> The present review provides an analysis of international and domestic scientific publications focusing on contemporary methods of pain diagnosis. The literature search was conducted in open-access electronic databases, including PubMed and eLibrary. The primary selection criteria were the relevance of the information presented in the analyzed publications and their publication date, as this study emphasizes research conducted within the last decade. This article provides an analysis and the synthesis of the findings of existing studies to identify key trends and patterns in the field of pain diagnostics.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> Instrumental techniques for assessing the severity of pain syndrome are described, including algometry and neurophysiological methods, particularly electromyography. The potential application of electroencephalography for the objective evaluation of pain is also discussed. The use of somatosensory and laser-evoked skin potentials appears promising. The capabilities of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography in the study and diagnosis of pain are presented. A number of potential biochemical markers of pain syndrome are described – substances whose elevated concentrations reflect pain intensity, such as proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. Several compounds influencing the function of both the central and peripheral nervous systems may be considered promising biomarkers for the objective quantification of pain.</p> <p><bold><italic>Discussion and conclusion.</italic></bold> The expansion and standardization of novel approaches to the quantitative assessment of pain syndromes will facilitate early diagnosis, enable the monitoring of pain progression, and provide an objective evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Боль является широко распространенной медицинской проблемой, которая может привести к длительной нетрудоспособности. Большинство исследований, направленных на оценку боли, проведено с использованием методик, лишенных объективности, однако для адекватной оценки интенсивности болевого синдрома, контроля эффективности лечения и динамического наблюдения за состоянием пациента с хроническим болевым синдромом необходимо применять достоверные методы исследования. <italic>Цель исследования</italic> – обобщить наиболее объективные количественные методы анализа хронической боли.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> В рамках данного обзора был проведен анализ зарубежных и отечественных научных публикаций, посвященных современным методам диагностики боли. Поиск осуществлялся в открытых электронных библиотеках PubMed и eLibrary. Основными критериями отбора являлись: актуальность представленной информации в анализируемой публикации, а также дата публикации, поскольку в работе акцентировано внимание на исследованиях, проводимых в течение последних десяти лет. В настоящей статье произведен анализ и обобщение результатов существующих исследований для выявления тенденций и закономерностей в области диагностики боли.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты исследования.</italic></bold> Описаны инструментальные методики, оценивающие степень выраженности болевого синдрома: алгометрия, нейрофизиологические методики, в частности, электромиография. Рассматривается возможность применения электороэнцефалографии с целью объективизации болевого синдрома. Перспективным представляется применение соматосенсорных, лазерных кожных вызванных потенциалов. Представлены возможности методов компьютерной, магнитно-резонансной и позитронно-эмиссионной томографии в изучении и диагностике боли. Описан ряд потенциальных биохимических маркеров болевого синдрома – веществ, высокая концентрация которых отражает интенсивность боли: провоспалительных цитокинов и матриксных металлопротеиназ. Ряд веществ, влияющих на функционирование как центральной, так и периферической нервной системы, могут рассматриваться как перспективные биомаркеры, позволяющие объективизировать боль.</p> <p><bold><italic>Обсуждение и заключение.</italic></bold> Расширение и стандартизация новых подходов количественной оценки болевого синдрома позволят провести раннюю диагностику, отследить прогрессирование болевого синдрома и оценить терапевтическую эффективность проводимого лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>chronic pain</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>instrumental diagnostics of pain</kwd><kwd>electrophysiology of pain</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боль</kwd><kwd>хроническая боль</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>инструментальная диагностика боли</kwd><kwd>электрофизиология боли</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakhno N.N., Kukushkin M.L., Churyukanov M.V., Davydov O.S., Bakhtadze M.A. New Definition of Pain by the International Association for the Study of Pain. 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