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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medicine and Biotechnology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medicine and Biotechnology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медицина и биотехнологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-6231</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">308991</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15507/3034-6231.001.202504.322-341</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Патологическая физиология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Pathological physiology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Restoration of Mental Function Following Severe Stress: The Role of Pathogenetic Factors in Rehabilitation Program Design</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Восстановление психических функций у лиц, перенесших тяжелый стресс: роль патогенетических факторов в разработке реабилитационных программ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4672-8261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбовский</surname><given-names>Максим Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbovskiy</surname><given-names>Maxim V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Undergraduate Student, Institute of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент Медицинского института<bold> </bold></p></bio><email>grmaxim198@gmail.com</email><uri>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4672-8261</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-8756</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">26650047400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAB-2603-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1706-7617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryukhina</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирюхина</surname><given-names>Светлана Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии Медицинского института</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Neurology, Institute of Medicine</p></bio><email>krsv55@mail.ru</email><uri>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-8756</uri></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-798X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3791-1090</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolmykova</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колмыкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Neurology, Institute of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор кафедры психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии Медицинского института</p></bio><email>natalius2486513@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-1144</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2071-8603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кургаев</surname><given-names>Николай Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurgaev</surname><given-names>Nikolay I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии Медицинского института</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Neurology, Institute of Medicine</p></bio><email>vertebro@nxt.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>322</fpage><lpage>341</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-12"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Gorbovskiy M.V., Kiryukhina S.V., Kolmykova N.A., Kurgaev N.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Горбовский М.В., Кирюхина С.В., Колмыкова Н.А., Кургаев Н.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbovskiy M.V., Kiryukhina S.V., Kolmykova N.A., Kurgaev N.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбовский М.В., Кирюхина С.В., Колмыкова Н.А., Кургаев Н.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbiosci.ru/MedBiotech/article/view/308991">https://medbiosci.ru/MedBiotech/article/view/308991</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction.</italic></bold> Prolonged exposure to the extreme stressors associated with participation in a special military operation can precipitate the development of a wide spectrum of mental disorders, which are characterized by significant comorbidity. This necessitates the development of pathogenetically-grounded rehabilitation programs aimed at improving clinical status and enhancing the quality of life of affected individuals.</p> <p>The aim of this review is to systematize and analyze contemporary scientific evidence to inform the development of comprehensive rehabilitation programs. These programs are designed to mitigate mental disorders and their comorbid manifestations that are pathogenetically linked to involvement in a special military operation, taking into account the developmental trajectory of these conditions.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods.</italic></bold> The research methodology comprised a theoretical analysis of scientific publications from 2006 to 2025, sourced from the electronic databases CyberLeninka, eLibrary, and PubMed, and based on a total of 59 references (29 domestic and 30 international). Key focus areas for subsequent clinical research were identified. The review's findings are formulated on the basis of the aforementioned documentary data.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> This study has systematised the key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying stress-induced mental disorders and delineated the patterns of their interplay. Comprehensive rehabilitation programmes have been proposed; these integrate psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological methods for treatment and correction, aimed at alleviating existing disorders and preventing the potential development of mental health conditions.</p> <p><bold><italic>Discussion and conclusion.</italic></bold> The pathogenesis of a substantial proportion of mental disorders arising from exposure to severe stress is underpinned by significant psychogenic trauma, immune system dysregulation, and disruptions in neurotransmitter metabolism, which collectively lead to a disintegration of the body's functional systems. The timely application of a combined therapeutic approach, incorporating psychotherapeutic interventions – specifically cognitive-behavioural therapy – and psychopharmacotherapy, with an emphasis on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, exerts a substantial influence on the clinical course and prognosis of these disorders. Further research in this field is imperative for the development of more effective and personalised rehabilitation strategies for individuals who have experienced severe stress.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Длительное воздействие экстремальных стрессоров, связанных с участием в специальной военной операции, может обусловливать развитие широкого спектра психических расстройств, характеризующихся высокой коморбидностью. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в разработке патогенетически обоснованных реабилитационных программ, направленных на улучшение состояния и повышение качества жизни пострадавших.</p> <p><italic>Цель обзора</italic><bold> </bold>– систематизация и анализ современных научных данных для разработки комплексных реабилитационных программ, направленных на купирование психических расстройств и их коморбидных сочетаний, патогенетически связанных с участием в специальной военной операции, с учетом развития данных нарушений.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> </bold>Методология исследования включала теоретический анализ научных публикаций за 2006–2025 гг., отобранных из электронных баз данных <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://cyberleninka.ru/">CyberLeninka</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/">eLibrary</ext-link> и <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">PubMed</ext-link> на основе 59 источников (29 отечественных и 30 зарубежных). Определены основные направления для последующих клинических исследований. Результаты обзора сформулированы на основе вышеуказанных документальных данных.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты исследования. </italic></bold>Систематизированы ключевые патогенетические механизмы развития психических расстройств, индуцированных тяжелым стрессом, и определены закономерности их взаимосвязи. Предложены комплексные реабилитационные программы, включающие психотерапевтические и психофармакологические методы коррекции и терапии, направленные на купирование существующих расстройств и профилактику развития потенциальных психических нарушений.</p> <p><bold><italic>Обсуждение и заключение.</italic></bold> Патогенез значительной части психических расстройств, возникающих вследствие воздействия тяжелого стресса, обусловлен выраженными психогенными травмами, дисбалансом в иммунной системе и нарушениями нейромедиаторного обмена, приводящими к дезинтеграции функциональных систем организма. Своевременное применение комбинированного подхода, включающего психотерапевтические интервенции, в частности когнитивно-поведенческую терапию и психофармакотерапию, с акцентом на использование селективных ингибиторов обратного захвата серотонина, оказывает существенное влияние на течение и прогноз расстройств. Дальнейшие исследования в данной области необходимы для разработки более эффективных и персонализированных подходов к реабилитации лиц, перенесших тяжелый стресс.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-traumatic stress disorder</kwd><kwd>immune imbalance</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>psychotherapy</kwd><kwd>psychopharmacotherapy</kwd><kwd>military personnel</kwd><kwd>anxiety disorder</kwd><kwd>depressive disorder</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство</kwd><kwd>иммунный дисбаланс</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>психотерапия</kwd><kwd>психофармакотерапия</kwd><kwd>военнослужащий</kwd><kwd>тревожное расстройство</kwd><kwd>депрессивное расстройство</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках реализации Гранта «Разработка программы “Диагностика и коррекция психосоматических нарушений у ветеранов СВО для успешной реинтеграции в трудовую деятельность”» Умник 2025 г.», № договора: 19765ГУ/2025 от 03.12.2025.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was carried out as part of the implementation of the UMNIK 2025 Grant "Development of the program 'Diagnosis and correction of psychosomatic disorders in veterans of the Special Military Operation for successful reintegration into labor activity'", Agreement No. 19765ГУ/2025 from 03.12.2025.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheremetyeva I.I., Stroganov A.E., Kandrina N.V., Plotnikov A.V., Kuleshova E.O., Kurishkin V.I. 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