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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medicine and Biotechnology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medicine and Biotechnology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медицина и биотехнологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3034-6231</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">351265</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15507/3034-6231.001.202504.356-375</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">oihogh</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Pharmacology, clinical pharmacology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Фармакология, клиническая фармакология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Current State and Trends in the Field of Pharmacological Hepatoprotection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ современного состояния и тенденций в области фармакологической гепатопротекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7001-6954</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3150-2198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semikov</surname><given-names>Dmitry O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семиков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Assistant of Laboratory of Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Targeted Forms of Pharmaceuticals, Federal Center for Biotechnology and Medicine Advancement</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник учебно-научной лаборатории доклинических и клинических испытаний таргетных форм фармпрепаратов Федерального центра развития биотехнологий и медицины </p></bio><email>dimaj.semikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-564X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7006155179</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">N-9320-2014</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1994-0933</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маев</surname><given-names>Игорь Вениаминович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии</p></bio><email>maev_iv@rosunimed.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7923-9916</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Y-3653-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9592-2405</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaborovskiy</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заборовский</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедройфармакологии</p></bio><email>azabor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3815-253X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkovskaya</surname><given-names>Anna E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашковская</surname><given-names>Анна Эразмовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии</p></bio><email>apashkovskay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-2285</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">16429463300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>Андрей Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand.Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry named after Academician T.T. Berezov, Medical Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры биохимии имени академика Т. Т. Берёзова Медицинского института</p></bio><email>avkulikov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-0516</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58141453700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">V-9806-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2358-6673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaregorodtsev</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Царегородцев</surname><given-names>Сергей Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры фармакологии </p></bio><email>sergiotsar@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Mordovia State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет медицины</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>356</fpage><lpage>375</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-13"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-08"><day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Semikov D.O., Maev I.V., Zaborovskiy A.V., Pashkovskaya A.E., Kulikov A.V., Tsaregorodtsev S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Семиков Д.О., Маев И.В., Заборовский А.В., Пашковская А.Э., Куликов А.В., Царегородцев С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semikov D.O., Maev I.V., Zaborovskiy A.V., Pashkovskaya A.E., Kulikov A.V., Tsaregorodtsev S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семиков Д.О., Маев И.В., Заборовский А.В., Пашковская А.Э., Куликов А.В., Царегородцев С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medbiosci.ru/MedBiotech/article/view/351265">https://medbiosci.ru/MedBiotech/article/view/351265</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Introduction. </italic></bold>Hepatic disorders constitute a significant global health challenge, underscoring the critical need for effective therapeutic strategies. Hepatoprotective agents play a pivotal role in management; however, their efficacy is frequently constrained by pharmacokinetic limitations. <italic>The objective of this review </italic>is to provide a systematic analysis of contemporary approaches to hepatoprotection, encompassing an evaluation of existing pharmacological classes, combination treatment regimens, and emerging directions, such as the application of nanotechnology to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of active pharmaceutical ingredients.</p> <p><bold><italic>Materials and methods. </italic></bold>A review and analysis of contemporary scientific literature pertaining to liver disease epidemiology, the classification of hepatoprotective agents, and the application of nanotechnology for the enhancement of their bioavailability was conducted. The literature search was performed across the PubMed, Springer Link, and eLibrary databases, with selection criteria limited to relevant publications from the past decade.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results</italic></bold><bold>. </bold>Despite the diversity of hepatoprotector classes with distinct mechanisms of action, their clinical efficacy is often constrained by low bioavailability. Analysis reveals that the most promising strategy to overcome these limitations is the application of nanotechnology to create targeted drug delivery systems.</p> <p><bold><italic>Discussion and conclusion. </italic></bold>Current evidence indicates a lack of a universally effective hepatoprotective agent, with many combination regimens requiring further investigation. There is a demonstrated need both to optimize existing therapeutics through nano-engineering approaches and to continue the search for novel pharmacologically active compounds.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение.</italic></bold> Заболевания печени представляют собой одну из глобальных проблем здравоохранения, что обусловливает острую необходимость в эффективных терапевтических стратегиях. Ключевую роль в лечении играют гепатопротекторы, однако их эффективность часто ограничена фармакокинетическими особенностями. <italic>Цель обзора </italic>– системный анализ современных подходов к гепатопротекции, включая оценку существующих классов препаратов, комбинированных схем лечения и перспективных направлений, таких как использование нанотехнологий для повышения биодоступности и терапевтического потенциала активных субстанций.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> Проведен анализ современной научной литературы, посвященной эпидемиологии заболеваний печени, классификации гепатопротекторов и использованию нанотехнологий для повышения их биодоступности. Поиск осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, Springer Link и eLibrary с отбором актуальных публикаций за последние 10 лет.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты исследования.</italic></bold> Несмотря на многообразие классов гепатопротекторов с различными механизмами действия, их клиническая эффективность часто ограничивается низкой биодоступностью. В ходе анализа выявлено, что для преодоления этих ограничений наиболее перспективным подходом является применение нанотехнологий для создания систем адресной доставки.</p> <p><bold><italic>Обсуждение и заключение.</italic></bold><bold> </bold>Обнаружено, что в настоящее время не существует универсального гепатопротектора, а многие комбинированные схемы требуют дальнейшего изучения. Показана необходимость как совершенствования существующих препаратов с помощью наноинженерии, так и продолжения поиска новых эффективных фармакологических субстанций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liver diseases</kwd><kwd>hepatoprotective agents</kwd><kwd>classification of hepatoprotective agents</kwd><kwd>bioactive components</kwd><kwd>combination pharmacotherapy</kwd><kwd>bioavailability</kwd><kwd>drug delivery systems</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заболевания печени</kwd><kwd>гепатопротекторы</kwd><kwd>классификация гепатопротекторов</kwd><kwd>биоактивные компоненты</kwd><kwd>комбинированная фармакотерапия</kwd><kwd>биодоступность</kwd><kwd>системы доставки лекарств</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Santos A.A., Delgado T.C., Marques V., Ramirez-Moncayo C., Alonso C., Vidal-Puig A., et al. Spatial Metabolomics and its Application in the Liver. 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