Current approaches to regional anesthesia in bariatric surgery

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Abstract

This review addresses the issue of perioperative analgesia in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Conventional opioid analgesia is associated with complications, including a high risk of respiratory adverse events, postoperative dyspeptic disorders, and the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia, particularly in patients with morbid obesity. In this context, multimodal analgesia strategies, including regional anesthesia as their component, represent a promising alternative.

The conducted analytical review of current published data indicates that modern regional anesthesia techniques, including transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB), quadratus lumborum block (QLB), and erector spinae plane block (ESPB), when integrated into multimodal analgesia, provide effective control of postoperative pain, a substantial reduction in opioid burden, and minimization of associated adverse effects. Ultrasound guidance is mandatory when performing blocks in patients with morbid obesity, as it allows overcoming technical difficulties associated with excessive development of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

QLB may surpass TAPB in the duration of analgesic effect and in effectiveness regarding the visceral component of pain, whereas epidural anesthesia, despite its high effectiveness, is associated with technical challenges when performed in this patient population. This review presents a detailed comparative analysis of various regional anesthesia techniques (TAPB, QLB, rectus sheath block [RSB], thoracic paravertebral block [TPVB], epidural anesthesia, IIB/IHB), with assessment of their level of evidence, technical complexity, safety profile characteristics, and spectrum of potential risks. This analysis provides clinicians with a methodological basis for a reasoned choice of the optimal technique, taking into account the type of planned surgical intervention, the level of technical equipment of the healthcare institution, and the individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of the patient. The main limitations hindering the widespread implementation of regional anesthesia techniques in clinical practice are also considered.

About the authors

Darya A. Biktasheva

Bashkir State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: darya.biktasheva14.07@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4837-401X
Russian Federation, Ufa

Alexander A. Lucius

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: sasha.lyutsius14@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-2931-7656
Russian Federation, Ufa

Rail M. Gabdulkhakov

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: krios.gip.14@gmail.com
SPIN-code: 3379-0166

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Ufa

Yuliya A. Skvortsova

Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Email: julia30.2001@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-1754-7288
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Aigul G. Nabieva

Izhevsk State Medical Academy

Email: nelolita2016@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-9958-8559
Russian Federation, Izhevsk

Ilnaz R. Safin

Izhevsk State Medical Academy

Email: ilnazsafin106@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-3811-8254
Russian Federation, Izhevsk

Albina R. Ibragimova

Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Email: albinaibragimova342@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-1126-4963
Russian Federation, Saratov

Alisa R. Gallyamova

Bashkir State Medical University

Email: gallyamovaalisa@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-5493-8558
Russian Federation, Ufa

Kamilla D. Ponamareva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: ponamareva.milla@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-4286-7642
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Ursula Z. Chimagomedova

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: ursula_0676@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-1388-2988
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Naida M. Alibekova

Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Email: naika03@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-6317-7593
Russian Federation, Saratov

Anastasiya V. Rybakova

Izhevsk State Medical Academy

Email: anastasija.rybakova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-3329-5740
Russian Federation, Izhevsk

Evgeniy I. Sobolev

Voronezh State Medical University

Email: evgeniy.sobolev.2002@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-2645-8410
Russian Federation, Voronezh

Anastasiya V. Ivanova

Voronezh State Medical University

Email: anastasia.iv2002@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-5603-0485
Russian Federation, Voronezh

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