The role of the distribution of adipose tissue in the body in patients with metabolic syndrome and endometrial hyperplasia: A prospective study

Background. Obesity is one of the diseases with the highest rate of spread reported. Adipose tissue plays a vital role in maintaining the physiological processes of the body, but there is an imbalance in metabolic disorders, which increases the risk of hyperplastic endometrial disorders.

Aim. To establish a correlation between body composition, namely the percentage of fat and its distribution, and the presence of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) in overweight or obese women of reproductive and premenopausal age. Bioimpedance analysis was used to assess body composition.

Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of 61 patients with EH and BMI>25 kg/m² was conducted.

Results. The risk of developing EH in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) was 2.4 times higher compared to patients without it. Comparative lipid profiles in patients of the study groups differed significantly (p<0.05). The predominance of visceral obesity and the presence of MS in 80% of the participants in the main group were associated with EH.

Conclusion. The predominance of visceral obesity and the presence of MS were strongly associated with EH, pointing up the importance of assessing the BMI and waist circumference, as well as the inclusion of bioimpedance analysis of body composition in a set of diagnostic measures to predict the risk of developing hyperplastic endometrial changes in women with MS. A comprehensive analysis of blood chemistry parameters, in particular MS criteria, such as concentrations of triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and total cholesterol, is crucial. These indicators are also markers of an increased risk of hyperplastic processes in the endometrium.