THE VISUALIZATION OF RELATIVITY (A REPLY TO OPPONENTS)

The question of the possibility to consider not only science but also religion and art as forms of cognition is discussed. It seems that due to the multidimensionality of each of the mentioned spheres of culture it is quite possible to consider the others in the aspect of any of them. This thesis is considered on the example of the figure of Stadel’s Lion-man. A special situation develops during the “axial time”, when the possibility of reflexive relation between different forms of social consciousness increases sharply. In turn, the example of the antique science Harmonica is used to discuss the question of what, after all, specifies science as such. And here those features, which were singled out in the course of the discussion, are clearly presented: this is a special language saturated with terminology, empirical provisions, and theoretical provisions. At the same time, it is proved that with the emergence of a separate science there also appears a special ideal reality, not reducible to the subject of study. It is no coincidence that science begins with the creation of ideal objects, without which the representation of the real ones proves impossible. The question of the possibility of having different types of thinking is also discussed. The use of the term functional style is suggested, and this allows the individual researcher to quite accurately combine different functional styles within the framework of his intellectual activity. An indication that the free creation of new words, which is inherent in poetic creativity, positively affects philosophical discourse, in which abstract vocabulary is created with maximum common semantics, is substantiated. This makes it possible to build generic chains and, accordingly, to build hierarchical conceptual systems, which was impossible in the pre-axial period. On the example of ancient hermeneutics, the thesis about the appearance of the humanities at the beginning of the 19th century with their new (in relation to natural sciences) relation between the subject and the object of research is questioned. Besides, the question about the definition of the humanities and their difference from natural sciences is discussed. And also the role of mathematics in the formation of the position of the observer is pointed out.

science, forms of cognition, humanities, functional style, levels of reflexion