Африканцы в современной демографии Великобритании

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Представленная статья посвящена изучению африканских диаспор современной Великобритании применительно к демографической ситуации в данной стране. Объект исследования – африканцы Соединенного Королевства. Предмет исследования – демографические показатели сообществ выходцев из Африки. Хронологические рамки работы охватывают главным образом первые десятилетия XXI в. Нижняя граница обозначенного периода в силу логики научного поиска и по мере необходимости опускается к более ранним событиям. Подробному анализу подверглась предыстория миграции из Африки, динамика абсолютной и относительной численности британских африканцев, уровень рождаемости и показатели фертильности в их среде во второй половине XX – начале XXI вв. Особое внимание автор уделил исследованию характера расселения и половозрастной структуры мигрантов из Африки, роли и места родителей африканского происхождения в репродуктивной составляющей страны. Также были затронуты сопряженные с основной тематикой материала проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются британские африканцы в области образования, занятости, криминогенной обстановки и социальной сферы. Автор опирается на проблемно-исторический подход, что в сочетании с аналитическим методом, принципами историзма и объективизма составляет методологический базис работы. Для обработки статистических материалов был использован количественный анализ. С середины ХХ в. каждые 10 лет численность британских африканцев увеличивается приблизительно в полтора-два раза. Этот процесс в 1950–1990-х гг. обеспечивался главным образом за счет миграции из бывших колоний, с 2000-х гг. поддерживается благодаря высокой рождаемости, существенно превышающей то, что мы можем наблюдать среди коренных жителей страны. Африканская диаспора представлена, прежде всего, приезжими и их потомками из Нигерии, ЮАР, Зимбабве, Кении, Уганды, Сомали. Традиции, знание языков стран происхождения, социо-религиозные особенности, самовосприятие, очевидные внешние отличия, постоянный рост численности и доли в составе населения страны выводят африканцев в число заметных акторов, стремительно меняющих местную культуру. Вероятно, уже к концу нашего столетия на Британских островах прекратится доминирование британского населения, и будет проживать конгломерат афроазиатских и европейских сообществ различного происхождения, вероисповедния, культуры и уровня организации.

Об авторах

Григорий Алексеевич Карпов

Институт Африки Российской академии наук

Email: gkarpov86@mail.ru
Старший научный сотрудник;

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