SPECIFICITY OF THE TEMPORAL SEMANTICS OF THE PREDICATIVES OF THE STRUCTURAL PATTERNS “WHO / WHAT INCREASES WHO / WHAT” AND “WHO / WHAT DECREASES WHO / WHAT”

The article presents a description and revelation of the temporal meanings of predicates of two oppositein meaning, but located on the same tier in the syntactical field “change”: the structural patterns “who / what increaseswho / what” and “who / what decreases who/what”. The importance of the study follows from the functional signifi-cance of temporal semantics in the formation of the communicative unit. As the structure-forming component, a markerof a predicative, subjecting to consideration, there are verbs of increase such as, to enlarge, to increase, to double, todecuple, to aggravate etc., which form the first scheme, and decrease verbs like to muffl e, to make slower, to undermineone’s health, to undermine smb’s authority, to decrease etc., which form the second. The collection of linguistic materialwas carried out on the basis of the continuous sampling method from the texts of Russian literature of the 19th–21st.centuries. Much attention is paid to identifying the main and particular meanings of the verb forms of the present, pastand future tenses. It was revealed the productivity of the forms of the past tense with the prevailing actual semanticswith its aoristic and perfect meaning and the low productivity of present tense forms with prevailing non-actual semantics of the usual, iterative, generalized character and its transposition is registered, as well as the productivity of future tense forms is lower than the frequency of other forms.