Teachers’ psychological well‑being as a driver of students’ academic outcomes in secondary education
- Authors: Njoroge E.1, Wanjiru B.1
-
Affiliations:
- Mount Kenya University
- Issue: Vol 16, No 5 (2025)
- Pages: 340-355
- Section: Psychological Studies
- Published: 31.10.2025
- URL: https://medbiosci.ru/2658-4034/article/view/363580
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2025-16-5-830
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/MTQKBY
- ID: 363580
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Background. Teachers’ psychological well-being greatly influences the quality of education and student performance. Personal growth, as a key component, shapes teacher development and engagement.
Purpose. This study examined the relationship between teachers’ personal growth and students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya.
Materials and methods. A mixed-methods approach using a concurrent design was employed. Data were collected via standardized teacher questionnaires, principal interviews, student observations, and document reviews. A sample of 688 participants, including 261 teachers and 384 students in 23 schools, was involved. Quantitative data were analyzed through correlation and regression methods; qualitative data were interpreted thematically.
Results. The study revealed a significant positive correlation between teachers’ personal growth and students’ academic achievement (r = .633), with personal growth accounting for approximately 73.8% of the variance in learners’ outcomes. This implies that teachers' professional development as an indicator of teachers' personal growth is not a marginal ingredient but a major determinant of learning outcomes. Regression analysis confirmed this relationship, yielding the model Y = 2.617 + 0.42X. The coefficient (0.42) suggests that each unit increase in teacher personal growth leads to a 0.42-unit rise in student achievement. The model was statistically significant (t = 5.159, ρ < .001). These statistics align with the qualitative observations that some teachers report limited confidence in their personal growth. This gap highlights that while teachers’ personal growth is impactful, it is unevenly experienced across the teaching workforce. Integrating these findings implies that supports the implementation of structured professional development and mentorship programs to enhance both instructional quality and student outcomes. The analysis demonstrates both the scientific novelty and the practical importance for policy and practice.
About the authors
Edith Njoroge
Mount Kenya University
Author for correspondence.
Email: enjoroge@mku.ac.ke
M.Ed, Ms, Postgraduate Coordinator
Kenya, P.O. Box 342, 01000, Thika, Kenya
Benson Wanjiru
Mount Kenya University
Email: bnjoroge@mku.ac.ke
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4607-2317
PhD, Dr., Dean, School of Education
Kenya, P.O. Box 342, 01000, Thika, Kenya
References
- Birch, S. H., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). The teacher–child relationship and children’s early school adjustment. Journal of School Psychology, 35(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(96)00029-5
- Collie, R. J. (2017). Teachers’ social and emotional competence: Links with social and emotional learning and positive workplace outcomes. В E. Frydenberg, A. Martin, & R. Collie (Eds.), Social and Emotional Learning in Australia and the AsiaPacific (pp. 145–162). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3394-0_9
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2009). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (1999). Psychosocial resources and the SEShealth relationship. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08117.x
- Spilt, J. L., Koomen, H. M. Y., & Thijs, J. T. (2011). Teacher wellbeing: The importance of teacher–student relationships. Educational Psychology Review, 23, 457–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9170-y
- Diener, E. (2010). Subjective wellbeing: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
- Eshiwani, G. S. (2013). Education in Kenya since independence. East African Publishers.
- Fincham, J. E. (2018). Response rates and responsiveness for surveys, standards, and the Journal. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj720243
- Akyeampong, K., Pryor, J., Westbrook, J., & Lussier, K. (2011). Teacher preparation and continuing professional development in Africa: Learning to teach early reading and mathematics – Executive summary of Project, July 2011 version. Centre for International Education, University of Sussex.
- Hanushek, E. A. (2009). Teacher deselection. В D. Goldhaber & J. Hannaway (Eds.), Creating a new teaching profession (pp. 165–180). Urban Institute Press.
- Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
- Herman, K. C., HickmonRosa, J., & Reinke, W. M. (2020). Empirically derived profiles of teacher stress, burnout, selfefficacy, and coping and associated student outcomes. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 20(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300717732066
- Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 491–525. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325693
- Keyes, C. L. M. (2009). The nature and importance of positive mental health in America’s adolescents. В R. Gilman, E. S. Huebner, & M. J. Furlong (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools (pp. 9–23). Routledge.
- Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
- Kyriazos, T. A., & Stalikas, A. (2018). Applied psychometrics: The 7step guideline for developing and reporting psychometrics on new test tools. Psychology, 9(11), 2531–2560. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.911145
- Ministry of Education [MOE]. (2017). Reforming education and training in Kenya: Sector policy for learners and trainees with disabilities. Government of Kenya.
- Ministry of Education [MOE]. (2023). Annual education report: Status and progress of basic education in Kenya. Government Printer.
- Ministry of Education [MOE]. (2024). Education Sector Strategic Plan 2023–2027. Government of Kenya.
- Morse, J. M. (2005). What is qualitative research? Qualitative Health Research, 15(7), 859–860. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305279135
- Ilgan, A., ÖzüCengiz, Ö., Ata, A., & Akram, M. (2015). The relationship between teachers’ psychological wellbeing and their quality of school work life. The Journal of Happiness & WellBeing, 3(2), 159–181. https://jhwbjournal.com/uploads/files/03c5f95582b2615457a678c159bf1c79.pdf
- Mondi, C. F., Giovanelli, A., & Reynolds, A. J. (2021). Fostering socioemotional learning through early childhood intervention. International Journal of Early Childhood, 15(6). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-021-00084-8
- Karna, W., & Nasrin, S. (2025). The role of teacherstudent relationships in adolescent emotional development. Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies (JAYPS), 6(3), 96–104. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jayps.6.3.11
- Orodho, A.J. (2009) Elements of Education and Social Sciences Research Methods. Kazezia Publishers, Nairobi.
- Arinaitwe, J. (2024). Staff development and its impact on students’ academic performance among selected secondary schools in Kanungu. International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 8(4), 155–160. https://ijeais.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/4/IJAMR240427.pdf
- Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069
- Ryff, C. D. (2009a). Psychological wellbeing revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
- Wanjiru, B. N. (2018). The impact of teacher motivation on student performance in public secondary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya [Master’s thesis, Kenyatta University].
Supplementary files


