No 7 (43) (2025)
Mechanical Engineering
REDUCING THE WEAR OF MACHINE PARTS BY IMPROVING OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Abstract
The study objective is to analyze the effect of the performance properties of engine oils on reducing the wear of machine parts. The paper discusses the issues of changing the viscosity of oils, friction factor, mass and composition of wear micro particles during operation. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the viscosity before and after oil operation, as well as to the study of the elemental composition of wear products. The work uses modern methods of tribological testing, spectral analysis and gravimetric control. The novelty of the research is in an integrated approach to assessing the performance characteristics of oils in real engine operating conditions and identifying a correlation between the physical and chemical properties of the oil and wear intensity. As a result, it is found out that the use of modern additives, as well as control of the viscosity and composition of oils, can significantly reduce the formation of wear particles and increase the service life of parts.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):4-10
4-10
PREDICTION OF ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS OF THE TREATED SURFACE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT A DRESSING METHOD OF THE GRINDING WHEEL
Abstract
The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of grinding wheel dressing methods on the height and pitch parameters of the roughness of the part surfaces treated. Analytical dependences are presented for calculating the roughness parameters of the surfaces of workpieces treated by grinding after various methods of dressing abrasive wheels, the reliability of which is confirmed by experimental studies. It is found out that in order to ensure surface roughness with a height parameter Ra of less than 0.4 microns, it is recommended to use an abrasive wheel dressing with a single-crystal diamond tool (diamond in a rim, diamond pencil). To ensure roughness with the parameter Ra in the range of 0.4 – 0.8 microns, it is recommended to dress the grinding wheel with a roller or a multi-crystal diamond pencil. Dressing the grinding wheels with carbide discs will ensure surface roughness after treatment with Ra parameter of more than 0.8 microns. It is found out that the radius of rounding of the tops of abrasive grains has a significant effect on the step parameters of the roughness of workpiece surfaces treated by grinding. At the same time, the average step value of the roughness profile irregularities along Sm mean line is 2-3 times greater than the average step value S of the local protrusions of the roughness profile. Therefore, the formation of fine irregularities of the surface with a given ratio of height and pitch parameters is possible by selecting the grain size of the grinding wheel, which affects the radius of rounding of the grain vertices. The paper presents scientifically based recommendations on the choice of methods for dressing abrasive tools and the conditions for maintenance of the roughness parameters of the workpiece surfaces processed by grinding wheel face.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):11-18
11-18
SHAPING OF GEAR WHEELS WITH EXTERNAL ENGAGEMENT USING UNIVERSAL ABRASIVE TOOL
Abstract
The paper considers the problem of manufacturing gear wheels in conditions of small-scale and single-piece production. In order to shape gear wheels, it is proposed to use an abrasive cutting disc for angle grinders. Two strategies for shaping the slots of gear wheels with external engagement are described: stepwise radial plunging and tangential plunging along the involute. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies was estimated by the area of the residual allowance in the end plane of the wheel. During the study, treatment processes were modeled using COMPASS-3D automated design system for gears with 2 mm modulus and tooth numbers of 90 or 19. The study results showed that the second strategy makes it possible to reduce the number of treatment passes by up to two times. The results obtained confirm the prospects of using this method in conditions of small-scale and single-piece production.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):19-26
19-26
Materials Science and Materials Technology
COMPOSITE METAL MATERIAL WITH INTERMETALLIC HARDENING AND ADJUSTABLE LEVEL OF PROPERTIES
Abstract
The study objective is to develop composite metal materials with intermetallic hardening based on aluminum and titanium alloys that combine the required level of mechanical characteristics. The tasks to which the paper is devoted are to develop a method for creating a bulletproof composite material that provides the ability to control its structure and level of properties over a wide range. The research methods used include mathematical calculation of explosion welding modes [1] to obtain a composite material based on aluminum and titanium alloys, heat treatment of the resulting composite and evaluation of the mechanical properties of the material. The novelty of the work is in the application of patented technical solutions that make it possible to create composite bulletproof metal materials by explosion welding, including new methods of reinforcement and the formation of reinforcing intermetallic layers of adjustable thickness in the composite structure. The study results show that these materials are in demand both in Russia and abroad; new bulletproof metal materials are being created; the current direction in the field of making bulletproof materials is the development of heterogeneous composite materials. A composite is obtained which structure contains perforated sheets in order to avoid delamination of solid intermetalloid layers under shock loads. This will limit the spread of cracks, preserving the integrity of the material under dynamic impact. By adjusting the thickness and number of layers, the properties, density, and bullet resistance of the material can be widely controlled.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):27-34
27-34
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TYPE OF HETEROGENEOUS ARMOR ALUMINUM AND TITANIUM-BASED MATERIAL OBTAINED USING EXPLOSION WELDING AND STUDY OF ITS PROPERTIES
Abstract
The study objective is to obtain a new type of heterogeneous armor material based on aluminum and titanium by explosion welding, which has improved tactical and technical characteristics compared to monometallic armor materials. The paper tasks are to develop a technology for making the specified composite material and to study its basic physical and mechanical properties. The research methods used are comparative analysis at the stage of determining the efficiency of work, mathematical calculation of explosion welding parameters to obtain the composite, assessment of the macrostructure of the material, assessment of the quantitative chemical composition of the composite metal base and its edge zone, and assessment of its bullet resistance. The novelty of the work is in the application of a new reinforcement scheme, which increases the complex of properties of armored material compared to monometallic armor. The study results show that the materials developed are in demand both in Russia and abroad; complex heterogeneous aluminum-based armor structures currently show the best efficiency; explosion welding is the most relevant way to create a composite material. The heterogeneous armor material is obtained, which makes it possible to reduce the weight of armored vehicles by 20-25%, provided that the specified level of bullet resistance is maintained in comparison with monomallic aluminum armor.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):35-45
35-45
DESIGNING THE TECHNOLOGY OF VACUUM CARBURIZING OF STEELS BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Abstract
Chemical and thermal treatment ensures high performance properties and durability of most mechanical engineering products. It is shown that the developing the possibility of surface hardening of critical parts may be associated with the use of new methods of their treatment. A model of vacuum carburizing is developed, which is based on practical results. A solution to the equation determining the carbon flux density depending on the technological saturation factors in acetylene is proposed. When developing the calculation method, the peculiarity of carburization of low-alloy steels was taken into account. Recommendations on the choice of cyclic acetylene supply are given. The cyclic mode of acetylene supply was evaluated by a number of parameters: the cycle structure in the form of time ratios of active a and diffusive (passive) d stages; the total time of active stages, the total time of diffusion stages, their ratio, the total number of n cycles during τ saturation. Two programs were studied: the first involves solving a direct diffusion problem, and the second involves solving an inverse diffusion problem. It is shown that the use of the second program is preferable.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):46-54
46-54
Transport Systems
WAYS TO REDUCE THE FORCE IMPACT OF HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC TRAINS IN CURVED SECTIONS OF THE TRACK
Abstract
Constructive decisions for upgrading the crew of high-speed electric trains that exert a high level of force on the track in curved sections are described. The decisions provide for the replacement of cassette bearings with radial spherical double-row roller bearings, the installation of new axle boxes with a lock on a spherical hinge, and the replacement of the standard silent block with a combined one with clearances, which ensures the radial installation of wheelsets in curves. The simulation results confirming the effectiveness of the proposed solutions are presented. It is found out that the latter option is the most rational and can be implemented in repair depots. It reduces lateral forces in curves and wheel wear. To dampen vibrations, it is advisable to use friction dampers, which, in combination with hydraulic dampers, ensure smooth running even at high speeds.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):55-62
55-62
AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO INCREASE THE RELIABILITY OF RAILWAY TANK DRAIN DEVICES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND TO REDUCE RISKS OF THEIR UNAUTHORIZED SPILLS EN ROUTE
Abstract
Transportation of petroleum products by rail is closely associated with the constant presence of risks of environmental damage, which is often connected with unauthorized spills of transported goods as a result of severe accidents or drip leaks, mainly occurring in the drains of railway tanks.
In this regard, the problem of reducing the risks of such cases is particularly important both for protecting the environment from polluting effects as a result of the transportation process, and regarding losses of valuable energy raw materials.
The study objective is to find out the causes and mechanisms that reduce the operational reliability of drain units of railway tanks and to develop technical solutions to increase them.
The relevance of the work is ensured by the continuing trend towards unauthorized spills of petroleum products occurring along their route.
The scientific novelty is in the application of an innovative approach to the modernization of structural elements of rolling stock transporting petroleum products, in the direction of cargo safety and environmental protection.
The practical significance of the paper is in solving urgent problems of malfunctions of railway tank drain devices by proposing the use of innovative solutions adapted from the experience of the construction and operation of technological pipelines for oil, gas and their refinery products.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):63-71
63-71
OVERVIEW OF THE DESIGN FEATURES OF TANK CARS
Abstract
The study objective is to determine the promising direction of developing tank engineering. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to analyze existing engineering solutions, as well as consider trends and limitations in the development of domestic tank fleet, and it is especially important to consider designs used abroad.
During the study, the result of the collecting and subsequent analysis of data on design features and engineering solutions used abroad is presented. When working with the obtained data, the most rational design option was determined, requiring a more detailed study of specific nodes using computer modeling methods.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):72-80
72-80
Russian Engineering: Personalities, Ideas, Developments
BORIS GRIGORYEVICH KEGLIN (TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)
Abstract
The paper gives biographical data and information on the creative career of Boris Grigoryevich Keglin, a prominent scientist and founder of the scientific school in the field of dynamics and strength of transport vehicles, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, Honorary Employee of Russian Railways, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. The main stages of his production activity are described. B.G. Keglin worked at Bryansk Road Machinery Plant and spent half a century of scientific and pedagogical activity at Bryansk Institute of Transport Engineering - Bryansk State Technical University, where he headed the Department of Dynamics and Strength of Machines for more than 20 years.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):81-88
81-88
PETR IVANOVICH YASHCHERITSYN (TO THE 110TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)
Abstract
The paper describes the production, pedagogical, scientific and organizational activities of Petr Ivanovich Yashcheritsyn, the prominent Soviet and Belarusian scientist in the field of mechanical engineering technology, a graduate of Ordzhonikidzegrad Machine-Building Institute (now Bryansk State Technical University) in 1941, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, honored worker of Science and Technology of the BSSR, honorary professor of BSTU, Doctor of Technical Sciences. The paper also considers his contribution to the development of the technology of mechanical engineering, the creation of theory foundations of the influence of technological heredity on the operational properties of machine parts, to the development of issues related to improving the finishing operations of machining parts, high-speed grinding of parts, increasing the durability and operability of ground parts, rolling bearing production technology, reliability of trans-tailors of automatic line devices.
TRANSPORT ENGINEERING. 2025;(7 (43)):89-97
89-97