Vol 6, No 3 (2006)

The article deals with a very important problem - the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the population. Epidemiological research on the incidence of diabetes mellitus reveals that the highest number of patients are in the age group of 40-49. Furthermore, the actual insidence of type II diabetes among the employable pop­ulation is 3-4 times higher than the registered one. The total number of diabetes mellitus patients in the Russian Federation has doubled in the last 15 years. We present the results of the recent decades of research on the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

The review article present analyse of conceptional and methodical tendencies in elaboration of endocrine surgery problems on example diagnostic and treatment adrenal glands tumors. In this work consider princi­ples of intradisciplinary approach in decision of complex clinical problem. The approach of principle offered in adrenal glands surgery on the basis of using modern diagnostical and surgery technologies. There are defining common problem questions of endocrine surgery and offering direction of their realization.

There are not accurate and foolproof markers of prostate cancer. Such commonly used clinical methods as transrectal ultrasonography, determinations of PSA value and histopathologic analysis of biopsy are not enough sensitive and specific at an early stage. Furthermore, there are no available prognostic markers that will be able to predict the behavior of detected tumor and to make decisions about the most effective treat­ment of patients with prostate cancer. In this respect, the discovery of new markers with increased specifici­ty and sensitivity must be done. A molecular understanding of prostate cancer development is an important step toward this studies. During the past decade using the current methods of functional genomics the genes involved in oncogenesis and progression of prostate cancer had been identified and characterized. The can­didates for new molecular biomarkers and gene-targets for therapy of prostate cancer may be among these genes. In this articles we try to present the recent available dates concerning the molecular aspects of prostate cancer.

The article describes the results of many years of research on the development of monosimptomatic residual neurological disorders in 3-11 year old children based on cross-correlation EEG analysis. We report the data on EEG analysis in speech disorders and related disorders (stammering, general speech underde­velopment, disgraphy), in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), enuresis and tic disorders, as well as in combinations of the above mentioned pathologies. Based on comparative EEG analysis in over 4000 patients and healthy children, we conclude that delayed development of functional interactions between brain structures, initially caused by minimal brain disfunctions in the perinatal period, underlies the pathogenesis of children's mental disorders. The specific features of such interaction impairments and their dynamics can be clearly revealed by cross-correlation EEG analysis. This work is important since no similar analysis of chil­dren's monosimptomatic residual neurological disorders is available in literature.

Many angioneurologists study etiology, pathomorphology of the brain blood circulation insufficiency almost 100 years. The problem of stroke has left far from the neurology field and became an interdisciplinary problem and a subject of fundamental researches. New methods of diagnostics, medical treatment and reha­bilitation of stroke patients have appeared as a results of these researches. The Neurology Disease Chair of the Medical Military Academy has long traditions of the clinical, scientific and experimental works, and occu­pies one of the main places in the development and the decision of the stroke problem.

An increasing number of centers throughout the world are gaining experience with subintimal angioplas­ty. Promising results have been reported and the application of the technique has been expanded to include the iliac and crural arteries. The technique of subintimal angioplasty and several variations are discussed. Although primary patency rates compared with bypass are relatively low for patients undergoing subintimal angioplasty, limb salvage rates remain high. When a subintimal angioplasty fails, it frequently does so with­out the recurrence of symptoms, especially when a gangrenous lesion or ulcer has healed. Given the many advantages of this technique, which include reduced anesthesia requirements, a minimally invasive approach, and potential reductions in length of stay and cost, subintimal angioplasty will continue to have a role in the treatment of lower extremity ischemia in the treatment of critical limb ischemia.

The variation of different lymphocytes subsets in blood of Chernobyl clean up workers and cancer patients were compared with variation of rates of morbidity or mortality during their life. The direct and reverse relationships of rates of morbidity or mortality with the number of circulating CD4+Leu8+ T cells were esti­mated for Chernobyl clean up workers and cancer patients (with advanced renal and ovarian carcinomas both). The found reciprocal medical consequences of the same immature cells' subset can not be explained in general immunologic way and may be solved just in terms of morhpogenetic function of lymphocytes sup­ported a renewing normal and malignant tissues as well.

The paper represents the results of dynamic investigation of the levels of antithyroid antibodies in female cases of untreated Graves’ disease: the high level of autoantibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor found by prior examination and the lack of any decrease in the level of this autoantibodies during treatment indicates a high risk of acute condition following thyrostatic therapy.

Diagnosis and treatment of actinomycoses are difficult clinical problems. Non-specificity of complains and clinical manifestations, insufficient awareness of general practitioners about this disease lead to ineffective treatment. In the article epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic and treatment of actinomycoses are discussed. Different variants of complicated forms of actinomycoses are presented.