No 5 (2025)

The article examines the evolution of contradictory methodological principles of L. Wittgenstein’s philosophy. A historical and comparative analysis of the philosopher’s ideas is carried out in the scientific paradigm of that time. The semantic meaning of the concepts of “world”, “facts”, “objects” in L. Wittgenstein’s philosophical concept is clarified. The epistemological aspects of the differentiation of the concepts of “meaningful” and “meaningless” by the philosopher are studied.

The article is devoted to understanding the concept of “methodological competence of a teacher”, presents a retrospective review of approaches to the interpretation and study of methodological competence, defines its structure and place in the contours of the professional standard “Teacher”

The article presents an analysis of the formation of a database of recommendations for a software service aimed at the cognitive development of schoolchildren through a targeted selection of extracurricular activities. Based on a review of more than 3,000 scientific publications, key areas of activity contributing to the development of working memory, mental arithmetic and visual search have been identified. The mechanisms of the impact of various types of extracurricular activities on the cognitive functions of students are considered. A distinctive feature of the service is the integration of neuroimaging for an objective assessment of cognitive development and the formation of personalised recommendations. The presented approach demonstrates the potential of interdisciplinary interaction between neuroscience and education to optimise the educational process.

The article presents a theoretical study of the mechanisms of musical taste formation in the digital age. The author has conducted a comprehensive analysis of cognitive, emotional, and socio-psychological factors influencing musical preferences. Special attention is paid to the study of the algorithmic principles of modern streaming platforms and their impact on listeners’ choice. The paper examines key aspects of musical perception, including the mechanisms of apperception and the effect of repetitive exposure, analyses the psychological impact of algorithmic personalisation, in particular the phenomenon of the “filter bubble”, which leads to a narrowing of users’ musical horizons. The study provides a new perspective on the interaction between technological systems and the psychological processes of musical taste formation.

The article explores theoretical foundations of universal cognitive learning actions (UCLAs) formation in foreign language education for primary school students. It analyses the structure and classification of UCLAs, their role in the development of cognitive and communicative competencies, and their interrelation with regulatory and communicative actions. Levels of UCLAs formation and the specificity of working with foreign language texts as a tool for cognitive skills development are discussed. Special attention is given to theoretical approaches to the development of logical and analytical cognitive actions in the context of foreign language education.

This article is devoted to the study of socio-psychological strategies of romantic relationship dissolution among young people (20-30 years old). The tactics of avoidance/ withdrawal, open confrontation and distant/mediated communication are of the greatest interest. The study involved 110 people, 93 of which were included in the final sample. It was established that higher levels of trait anxiety were possessed by young people who had experienced mediated relationship dissolution strategies. In addition, higher benevolence scores were observed in those who initiated a breakup using open communication. It can also be said that the choice of a particular role when ending a relationship influences selfacceptance after the breakup. The results obtained can be used to expand existing scientific knowledge and to create applied materials by specialists from psychological and related specialities.

The formation of students’ communication skills in the educational process of the university is a key aspect of their professional development and social adaptation. Interaction among students involves the development of speech skills and the formation of emotional intelligence, which in turn leads to an increase in the level of interpersonal communication. Educational activities aimed at developing team projects, discussions and role-playing games can significantly improve communication skills, active listening and argumentation. It is also important to take into account the individual characteristics of students, offering adapted tasks that contribute to the development of their unique skills and potential. This model involves support and constructive criticism, creates a basis for confident speaking in front of an audience, forms leadership qualities of a future specialist, and becomes one of the key elements for the successful acquisition of academic and social communicative competence. The introduction of the model’s elements into the educational process of the university becomes an integral part of the formation of highly qualified specialists.

The article analyses the psychological characteristics of prosociality as a personal trait that influences the nature of manifestation of prosocial behaviour in high school students. In the empirical study conducted by the author, the level of formation of prosocial behaviour in high school students was revealed according to two characteristics: “social actions” and “social feelings”. The analysis of the obtained data allowed the author to state a low level of general prosociality and prosocial actions in the studied sample of high school students, and an average level of formation of prosocial feelings. In this regard, the author emphasises the importance and necessity of forming prosociality in high school students as a personal trait, which becomes an important aspect of their development, not only influencing the sphere of social interaction of adolescents, but also forming their value-semantic guidelines.

The article analyses the factors of the educational environment of a college as predictors of the formation of communicative competence of students majoring in pedagogical training. The study conducted by the author revealed that such individual psychological factors of the educational environment as adaptability to the group (β = 0.323; p = 0.000) and adaptability to educational activities (β = 0.294; p = 0.000), such organisational, managerial and interpersonal factors of the educational environment as general satisfaction with educational activities in the educational institution (β = 0.267; p = 0.000), satisfaction with interaction with classmates (β = 0.218; p = 0.019), satisfaction with interaction with teachers (β = 0.148; p = = 0.049) have a positive significant impact on the formation of communicative competence. The importance of taking into account the factors of the college educational environment is emphasised, which is a necessary condition for the effective formation of communicative competence of students of pedagogical training areas. The creation of a supportive and diverse educational environment in a college contributes not only to the formation of necessary professional competencies in students, but also prepares future specialists for pedagogically appropriate interaction with participants in the educational process.

The article analyses the factors of a university’s educational environment that influence the formation of soft skills in students, which include communication, critical thinking, emotional intelligence, time management, leadership and teamwork. The formation of soft skills in future teachers during their studies at university is a pressing psychological and pedagogical problem, which dictates the need to revise traditional approaches to professional training of students in pedagogical fields of study at university. The purpose of the study is to analyse the psychological factors of the educational environment of a university as predictors of the formation of soft skills in students, as well as to substantiate the need and importance of their formation in students of pedagogical fields of study. The stated goal involves the use of research methods: analysis, generalisation, classification of the main positions available in modern scientific publications. The author emphasises the importance and necessity of creating a favourable supportive environment for the development of soft skills, which is a prerequisite for preparing students for future pedagogical activity. The development of soft skills will allow teachers to effectively cope with professional tasks, as well as interact in the space of pedagogical communication.

This article explores the issue of personality development in musicians. The authors analyse the approaches to defining “personality” and its development, and study the influence of 19th-century Russian classical music on contemporary Chinese students. Special attention is paid to the influence of Russian classical music on the works of Chinese composers.

Opera aria, as a pearl of Western classical vocal art, is an important object of study for Chinese students studying academic vocal. This article takes the language barrier as a starting point to analyse the main difficulty that Chinese students encounter in mastering opera arias. The study shows that the language barrier is the main challenge: the pronunciation features of the German and Italian languages significantly affect the artistic expressiveness of Chinese students. Based on the analysis of specific examples, the article proposes targeted strategies for optimising the teaching process to improve the level of opera aria performance and provide theoretical and practical support in teaching.