No 1 (2025)
Articles
Philosophical foundations of the study of the problem of involvement in additional education: encouragement and development of subjectivity of adult learners
Abstract
The problem of the development of subjectivity of adult students enrolled in additional education programs occupies an important place in psychological and pedagogical research. In the development of vocational training programs, the personality of the student is an integral factor that encourages additional education and meaningful involvement in educational activities. The success of building a student's personality in the vocational education system depends on its active subjectivity and autonomy. The relevance of research is due to the difficulties associated with the ambiguity of understanding this concept and its substantive elements in the psychology of education. A promising area of research is the clarification of the concepts of subjectivity, the possibility of its development in the educational process of higher professional education in the synthesis of an interdisciplinary matrix of psychological and pedagogical knowledge. Philosophy provides many prerequisites and perspectives for analyzing and understanding the subjective position of students. The concept of subjectivity in philosophy lays the foundation for understanding the use of the potential of philosophical knowledge in improving psychological and pedagogical approaches to the development of subjectivity and autonomy of adult learners. Each of the existing directions can contribute to understanding the role of an adult in the educational process of vocational education as an independent subject. The conducted research is aimed at enriching the educational discourse on the problem of adult learner subjectivity in the expanding contexts of additional learning by analyzing three trends in the evolution of subjectivity in Western philosophy: from Protagoras and the sophists to Descartes' metaphysics and the antimetaphysical form of philosophizing in postmodernism. The author puts forward the thesis that philosophy can be successfully integrated into modern additional adult education. At the same time, it is possible to use the potential of both academic and practical philosophy, as well as philosophy as the art of life. The expansion of scientific discourse on the problem of subjectivity in psychological research actualizes the theory, ontology, epistemology and epistemological independence, which are of primary importance for the self-determination of an adult, his values and meanings.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):1-19
1-19
Career success in information-oriented professions
Abstract
The subject of the research is the factors determining the success of a career in information-oriented professions. The main focus is on analyzing the impact of professional experience, age, gender, level of education, as well as psychological variables (tolerance to uncertainty, job satisfaction, reflexivity, etc.). The purpose of the work is to identify the relationships between these factors and to determine the role of individual and organizational conditions in shaping career success. The research was based on : the theory of professional orientation of personality (N.E. Rubtsova), the theory of tolerance to uncertainty (S. Badner) and the model of development of reflexivity (A.V. Karpov), as well as the step model of professional growth (H. Dreyfus), systematization of the stages of professional development, developed by E.A. Klimov, Yu.P. Povarenkov and N.S. Pryazhnikov, analysis of the structural and functional aspects of information activities, presented by S.L. Lenkov and A.A. Karpov. The following methods were used: INL-2 (N. E. Rubtsova), JSS (Cammann, Fichman, Jenkins, & Klesh), IAS (T. V. Kornilova, M. A. Chumakova), measurement of reflexivity (A.V. Karpov), as well as empirical methods (questionnaires, correlation and comparative analyses). The results indicate that career success is determined by a combination of objective characteristics (experience, educational level) and subjective indicators (job satisfaction, tendency to reflection), employees with higher experience demonstrating strategic planning and professional maturity, while young professionals are flexible and satisfied with interpersonal interaction. The scope of the data obtained covers the field of human resource management and professional consulting. The identified relationships can be used to develop individual career support programs, increase adaptability to uncertainty, and effectively plan staff development in information-oriented organizations. The conclusions drawn emphasize the complex nature of career success, which requires taking into account both professional experience and educational level, as well as personal qualities and psychological readiness for change. The practical value of the conducted research lies in the possibility of optimizing HR strategies aimed at increasing motivation, building competencies and creating conditions for the long-term career development of specialists in information-oriented professions such as data analysts, web programmers, data architects, etc.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):20-42
20-42
The impact of emotional intelligence on coping strategies
Abstract
The subject of the research is to study the influence of the level of emotional intelligence on the choice of strategies for coping with students' stress. The object of the research is the mechanisms of interaction between the level of development of emotional intelligence and the ways of coping with stressful situations of students. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the analysis of existing approaches to the definition of emotional intelligence. Special attention is paid to the consideration of strategies for coping with stress, which are used when faced with life problems. The article examines the relationship between emotional intelligence and the effectiveness of a particular coping strategy. The following research methods were used: Lazarus's questionnaire of struggle strategies; D. Amirkhan's "Indicator of Coping Strategies" technique; the Freiburg Personality Questionnaire (Fahrenberg, H. Zarg and R. Gampel); the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to correlate personal characteristics and determine the gender differences of students. Emotional intelligence reflects a person's ability to recognize and manage their emotions, as well as hold themselves together, playing an important role in their personal and social lives. Individuals with high levels of emotional intelligence use more problem-oriented coping strategies to effectively manage stress. They analyze the problem and look for ways to solve it. A low level of emotional intelligence encourages a person to turn to emotion-oriented strategies, which are mainly aimed at alleviating emotional experiences and to a lesser extent contribute to solving the problem. Research shows that individuals with high emotional intelligence demonstrate greater flexibility and constructiveness in dealing with stress. A special contribution of the author is the systematization of existing approaches to the study of the relationship between emotional intelligence and coping strategies, as well as the implementation of empirical research to identify certain factors influencing the level of emotional intelligence on the choice of coping strategies of students under stress. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the connection between emotional intelligence and coping strategies through practical examples. The possibility of increasing the individual's resistance to stress through the development of emotional intelligence is emphasized.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):43-56
43-56
The relationship between burnout and adaptation of medical personnel
Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the relationship between burnout criteria and adaptation of medical personnel. Despite the huge amount of research on the phenomenon of burnout, there remains a serious problem associated with the duration of work leading to burnout. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between burnout and adaptation of medical personnel with different work experience. The authors used questionnaires "Diagnosis of the level of emotional burnout" (Boyko), "Methods for diagnosing professional burnout" (Maslach and Jackson, adaptation by Vodopyanova), "Methods for diagnosing socio-psychological adaptation" (Rogers and Diamond) for the evaluation the relationship between burnout and adaptation criteria. In addition, the hypothesis was tested that the relationship between burnout and adaptability will vary depending on the duration of professional work of doctors. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the IBM Statistics SPSS program. The Spearman criterion, the Kraskel-Wallace criterion, and the Mann-Whitney criterion were used. A correlation analysis of the criteria of burnout and adaptation in groups with different professional experience has shown a high relationship between them. The numerous correlations between burnout and adaptation parameters suggest that these phenomena are two sides of a single process. The number of correlations between the results of the techniques is so high that it makes it difficult to differentiate them. The question arises about the expediency of using two terms to describe virtually the same phenomenon. The authors believe that the existence of two terms is justified only if their relationship to the duration of work is taken into account. In accordance with this, the authors conclude that it is necessary to develop recommendations for the development of adaptation or for the prevention of burnout, depending on the length of service.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):57-69
57-69
The theme of the secondary image in the Leningrad psychological school
Abstract
The Leningrad (St. Petersburg) Psychological School is known for the fact that the center of interest of its founders and followers lie in complex human studies. In the context of the study of man at the Leningrad Psychological School (LPS), the theme of the secondary image, directly or in various aspects of the study of the image in psychology as such, can be traced back to the activities of V.M. Bekhterev. The term "secondary images" proposed by the LPS is used by its representatives as a general, systemic one for various kinds of figurative phenomena, and is associated with the level of representations of the subject. It is the secondary image that is central to the study of human behavior and psychoregulation in various situations, primarily related to the most cognitively problematic and value-significant for the subject. Secondary images determine communication with other people. Such communication is moving from the level of communication interaction to the level of education and the formation of social ideas, which is not always evaluated positively, and sometimes causes concern about the continuity of moral norms and values, the importance of direct communication and the preservation of traditions. The main conclusions of the study are the justification of the need for theoretical and practical development of the subject of secondary images in the general problem of human psyche research. Since the concept of a secondary image was born in the depths of the LPS, we consider it necessary to treat the history of its formation as a concept in the context of the interests of representatives of the Leningrad school. The latter is becoming increasingly relevant due to the digitalization of the space around a person, the transition from direct perception to the exchange of images provided by computer technologies used everywhere and the peculiarities of the modern information world. The contribution of the authors is determined by the analysis of the theme of the secondary image in a historically mediated sequential coverage of the stages of the formation of the problematic. The data of the theoretical study determine the importance and necessity of addressing the subject of the formation and transformation of a secondary image both in a general scientific context and from the perspective of practical use in psychotherapeutic work using altered states of consciousness.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):70-81
70-81
Work-life balance: a comparative analysis of attitudes of students and working professionals
Abstract
The paper presents a brief theoretical analysis of the concept of work-life balance. Research in this area is becoming increasingly important in the context of studying the consequences both at the level of an individual and an organization as a whole. It has been established that achieving balance has a significant impact on various aspects of work and psychological well-being. At the same time, there is a lack of research on this phenomenon among working students. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes towards work and leisure among working students and non-trained professionals. Implicit and explicit attitudes towards work and leisure, work engagement, and subjective well-being were assessed. The sample consisted of 109 people, 55 of them working professionals and 54 students who combine work and study. The results of the study confirmed the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes towards work and leisure among students. There were no significant differences in the overall assessment of explicit attitudes among students and working professionals, but interesting data were obtained on the subscales of the questionnaire. Students often contrast fields, seeing work as both an obstacle to personal satisfaction and a possible source of inspiration. The results are contradictory and need further analysis. Additionally, a study was conducted on differences in the level of subjective well-being and engagement, where the results confirmed that students are more willing to work and strive, although their level of subjective well-being does not exceed that of working professionals. The observed situation requires further study of the interrelationships between professional and personal spheres, especially in the context of student life. The data obtained may be of interest to both universities and practicing psychologists in personal counseling.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):82-93
82-93
Student's motivational and value correlates specific for the engineering activity
Abstract
The article discusses the issues of psychological factors of readiness for performing types of engineering tasks among students of technical fields of study. The authors focus on the motivational and value characteristics of a future technical specialist: internal and external motivation, personal values of self-development, creativity, achievements, material well-being, preservation of individuality, interest in the field of electrical and radio engineering, as well as types of orientation to engineering activities – research, design, production and organizational. The study is devoted for the identification of a stable relationship between motivational and value indicators and orientation towards types of engineering activities among technical students. An empirical study was conducted using the methods "Orientation to the type of engineering activity" (O.P. Godlinik), "Motivation of professional activity" (K. Zamfir), axiological orientation of personality (A.V. Kaptsov, L.V. Karpushina), "Golomstock's map of interests" (A.E. Golomstock, modified by O.P. Meshkovskaya, etc.), Spearman's Rank correlation method. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of motivational and value correlates for engineering. The main conclusions of the study: motivational indicators prevail in the focus on research and organizational types of engineering activities; for the focus on research and organizational types, the expression of motivation for success and internal positive motivation is of the greatest importance; for the focus on the design type, the value of material well-being is of the greatest importance; the reduction of the pragmatic value of achievements is of the greatest importance for the focus on the production type; the humanistic value of self-development is characteristic only for the focus on the organizational type of engineering activity; the pragmatic value of achievements in the inverse relationship is characteristic only for the focus on the production type of engineering activity.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):94-109
94-109
Psychological peculiarities of shyness manifestation by social network bloggers
Abstract
The relevance of studying shyness is due to its impact on the quality of life and social interaction of people. In the modern world, where publicity and social networks play an increasing role, understanding how shyness manifests itself in different groups of people becomes an important aspect of research, psychological help and psychotherapy, which allows not only to deepen knowledge about this trait, but also to develop effective approaches to overcoming it. The subject of the research : manifestations of shyness of public people - bloggers of social networks. The hypothesis of the study: subjects with high publicity (social network bloggers) differ in the peculiarities of manifestation of shyness from subjects who are not active and public social network bloggers. We have chosen the following methods for diagnostics of shyness and peculiarities of its manifestation: Stanford shyness test by F. Zimbardo, modified by A.B. Belousova. The choice of the research topic is conditioned by its importance in the context of studying personality psychology and social behavior. Shyness, despite its prevalence, remains insufficiently studied in the aspect of the influence of social roles and group norms. As the Stanford Shyness Test and the Mann-Whitney test have shown, the following differences in the manifestations of shyness in social network bloggers and non-public subjects have been reliably proved: they differ in the skill of hiding their shyness; skill in the moment of shyness not to lose the gift of speech and not to keep silent; trembling of limbs in the situation of shyness; thoughts that it would be good to avoid an unpleasant situation; desire to hide in the situation of shyness; skill to feel shy when expressing their opinion, being in the center of attention of a group of people.
Psychologist. 2025;(1):110-119
110-119